7: Upward
Let's start tackling arbitrary easy gismu. Some/all of this can be merged with the new sections in the next chapter.
Example elements:
{mupli}
is a straightforward combination of what we've already seen.
ro da ro de poi bridi ke'a ku'o ro di poi cmima ke'a zo'u:
da ckaji de gi'e cmima di
========================= (mupli-intel)
da mupli de di
What's the difference between {mupli}
and {fadni}
here?
Restrictive Apposition:
Let's use some linguistic terminology. A restrictive appositive
clause combines a relative clause
with an identity relation. CLL 8.3 says that {po'u}
means {poi du}
,
and we'll go with it.
ro da ro de zo'u:
da poi ke'a du de broda
======================= (po'u-intel) [CLL 8.3]
da po'u de broda
Reciprocity:
simxu1 is a set, and for each pair of elements in the set, the selbri simxu2 relates that pair. We can give a very plain definition based on that description.
ro da poi cmima ke'a ro de poi ke'a cmima ro di poi ke'a cmima zo'u:
de broda di
============================== (simxu-intel)
da simxu pa ka ce'u broda ce'u
Once again, since we are working relationally, we get many different sets, each of which satisfying the reciprocality property that we are designating.
Signs: {sinxa}, {la'e}, {lu'e},
As in CLL, we can define {la'e}
and {lu'e}
as shorthand for {sinxa}
.
Note that symbols and interpretations are things, and thus are subject to
quantification.
ro da poi sinxa ke'a zo'u:
lo sinxa be da ku broda de
========================== (lu'e-intel) [CLL 6.10]
lu'e da lu'u broda de
ro da poi ke'a sinxa zo'u:
lo se sinxa be da ku broda de
============================= (la'e-intel) [CLL 6.10]
la'e da lu'u broda de
I recall discussion about whether sinxa3 is implicitly {mi}
or {mi'a}
or
some similar connection to the speaker. However, I am not sure whether this is
a cultural convention, and at any rate, leaving sinxa3 unbound allows for more
flexible usage.
Additionally, {lu'i}
and {lu'a}
can be defined as {lo'i}
-like expansions
of {sinxa}
which include a set quantification. These definitions are only
hinted at in CLL, and were explored by la xorxes.
ro da zo'u:
lo sinxa be lo cmima be da ku broda
=================================== (lu'a-intel)
lu'a da broda
lo sinxa be lo se cmima be da ku broda
====================================== (lu'i-intel)
lu'i da broda