7: Upward

Let's start tackling arbitrary easy gismu. Some/all of this can be merged with the new sections in the next chapter.

Example elements:

{mupli} is a straightforward combination of what we've already seen.

ro da ro de poi bridi ke'a ku'o ro di poi cmima ke'a zo'u:

da ckaji de gi'e cmima di
========================= (mupli-intel)
     da mupli de di

What's the difference between {mupli} and {fadni} here?

Restrictive Apposition:

Let's use some linguistic terminology. A restrictive appositive clause combines a relative clause with an identity relation. CLL 8.3 says that {po'u} means {poi du}, and we'll go with it.

ro da ro de zo'u:

da poi ke'a du de broda
======================= (po'u-intel) [CLL 8.3]
   da po'u de broda

Reciprocity:

simxu1 is a set, and for each pair of elements in the set, the selbri simxu2 relates that pair. We can give a very plain definition based on that description.

ro da poi cmima ke'a ro de poi ke'a cmima ro di poi ke'a cmima zo'u:

         de broda di
============================== (simxu-intel)
da simxu pa ka ce'u broda ce'u

Once again, since we are working relationally, we get many different sets, each of which satisfying the reciprocality property that we are designating.

Signs: {sinxa}, {la'e}, {lu'e},

As in CLL, we can define {la'e} and {lu'e} as shorthand for {sinxa}. Note that symbols and interpretations are things, and thus are subject to quantification.

ro da poi sinxa ke'a zo'u:

lo sinxa be da ku broda de
========================== (lu'e-intel) [CLL 6.10]
  lu'e da lu'u broda de

ro da poi ke'a sinxa zo'u:

lo se sinxa be da ku broda de
============================= (la'e-intel) [CLL 6.10]
    la'e da lu'u broda de

I recall discussion about whether sinxa3 is implicitly {mi} or {mi'a} or some similar connection to the speaker. However, I am not sure whether this is a cultural convention, and at any rate, leaving sinxa3 unbound allows for more flexible usage.

Additionally, {lu'i} and {lu'a} can be defined as {lo'i}-like expansions of {sinxa} which include a set quantification. These definitions are only hinted at in CLL, and were explored by la xorxes.

ro da zo'u:

lo sinxa be lo cmima be da ku broda
=================================== (lu'a-intel)
           lu'a da broda

lo sinxa be lo se cmima be da ku broda
====================================== (lu'i-intel)
            lu'i da broda